News and Press Releases

USB (HL)-keys are not available for purchase at the moment and until further notice. IIG Inc. has decided to suspend sales of HL-key licenses in favor of SL-keys.Such decision was made due to increasing popularity of SL-keys and several significant advantages of SL-keys: prompt activation process, which is done via email; the key is binded directly to the end-user’s PC, doesn’t require…

In September of 2021, we updated our website with a brand new look and the latest software under the hood. We intended to make the new website faster, easier to navigate, and more user-friendly.  Similar to the previous website, the main sections are:Download/Purchase: pcgrate.com/download/News and Press Releases: pcgrate.com/news/Support: pcgrate.com/support/Efficiency TestLab: pcgrate.com/etestlab/About:  pcgrate.com/about/company/  In addition,

PCGrate videos are available The PCGrate overview and tutorial videos have become available on the official PCGrate® YouTube channel. You can access these videos through the links below: PCGrate® Overview video PCGrate® Tutorial video You can also subscribe to our channel: PCGrate® official channel to keep up with the updates and new videos. If you cannot access YouTube in your area, you…

PCGrate-S(X) release 6.7.1 32/64-bit is available. PCGrate®-S(X) v.6.7.1 32/64-bit software has many adds and improvements in comparison with v. 6.7. The work with 2D scannings has become more flexible and convenient. In this version, it is possible to plot the X-Y graphs and create tables for the chosen range and step of the 2D scannings’ parameters. The enhanced 3D plots include new…

PCGrate-S(X) update 6.6 32/64-bit is available PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.6 32/64-bit software with some improvements and a few minor bugs fixed is available for an update as from September 19, 2019. A minor bug connected with conical diffraction calculus for Absolute plane borders in Separating Solvers was fixed in updated PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.6 32/64-bit series. Export and import of Microsoft® Excel and text…

PCGrate-S(X) release 6.7 32/64-bit is available PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.7 32/64-bit software with many adds and improvements is available for a release as from March 18, 2019. PCGrate®-S(X) v.6.7 32/64-bit software has many adds and improvements in comparison with v. 6.6. In v. 6.7 the logic of scanning over different parameters was divided into two branches. First branch, which is 1D scanning is…

The TSMP-1 code is available online The TSMP-1 (Traveling SalesMan Problem) code is intended for solving the problem of the precise determination of the length and path of a minimal Hamiltonian cycle (cycles) of a weighed network (the Traveling Salesman Problem, the TSP) in a time that polynomially depends on the network’s dimension (the number of its nodes); and it also relates…

Any upgrade from PCGrate®-S(X) v.6.2–6.4 to newest PCGrate-S(X) v.6.6 with discounts or/and a v.6.2-6.4 key retention  The large upgrade program is announced for an upgrade from any PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.2, v. 6.3 or v. 6.4 software to any code from newest PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.6: (1) with big discounts (up to 40%) or (2) with a 10% discount and v. 6.2-6.4 key retention…

Upgrade from any of PCGrate®-S(X) v.6.1 to any code from v.6.5 or v.6.6 with v.6.1 key retention The time-limited offer is announced for an upgrade from any PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.1 software to any PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.5 or v. 6.6 software with a v. 6.1 key retention. Your current v.6.1 key is retained for use with v. 6.1 and you will receive a new key…

Technical support of PCGrate®-S(X) v.6.1 and v.6.4-6.6 is discounted temporarily Time-limited 50% discounts are announced for technical support of all PCGrate®-S(X) versions including v. 6.1 and v. 6.4-6.6. The prices for technical support of all the versions, series and types of PCGrate-S(X) cut down by 50%. The action includes, but not limited, versions 5.1, 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6. Prices from April 6, 2015 for…

PCGrate®-S(X) of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is discounted temporarily Time-limited big discounts are announced for powerful PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit software. The prices of all the series and types of software from the modern PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.5 cut down by more than 27%, in the average. The price from January 22, 2015 for PCGrate-S series: XML-type software is 1,499 Euros ($1,874), GUI-type – 1,999 Euros…

 PCGrate®-S(X) of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is discounted    Discounts are announced for updated PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit software:   The prices of all the series and types of software from the new PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.5 cut down by more than 13.2%, in the average. The price of updated from September 1, 2014 PCGrate-S XML-type software is 1,999 Euros ($2,599), GUI-type – 2,999 Euros ($3,899),…

PCGrate-S(X) release 6.6 32/64-bit is available   PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.6 32/64-bit software with many adds and improvements is available for a release as from August 1, 2014. The new optical mounting (“Fix Focus”) and relevant photon energy unit (“eV”) were added to this version. Fix Focus is an optical mount configuration for a reflected order where the reflected order is observed at a…

Chapter is published in e-book Gratings: Theory and Numeric Applications L. I. Goray and G. Schmidt, “Boundary Integral Equation Methods for Conical Diffraction and Short Waves,” Ch.# 12 in Gratings: Theory and Numeric Applications, Second Revisited Edition, E. Popov, ed. (Institut Fresnel, AMU, 2014) INTRODUCTIONThis work is part of research that has been pursued by the authors over a long period of time for…

PCGrate®-S(X) update of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is available   PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit software with some improvements and a few minor bugs fixed is available for an update as from March 21, 2014. The version update supports Windows® 8(.1) and UAC “On” for users having non-administrative privileges. A few minor bugs connected with (1) conical diffraction calculus for Absolute plane borders in Separating…

 Efficiency Certificate # 6 is issued online   Efficiency Certificate for a Flight Multilayer Mo/Si Lamellar Grating in the EUV Range and TM polarization is presented. The complete results of the grating efficiency and scattering light investigation and all relevant information about the computation and measurement processes can be obtained from the downloading page (Cert_4200_holo-lam_Mo-Si_EUV.zip file). Various files both *.xlsx (MS Excel® 2010)…

Paper is published in Journal of Physics C Development of near atomically perfect diffraction gratings for EUV and soft x-rays with very high efficiency and resolving powerD. L. Voronov, E. H. Anderson, R. Cambie, L. I. Goray, P. Gawlitza, E. M.Gullikson, F. Salmassi, T. Warwick, V. V. Yashchuk, H. A. Padmore ABSTRACTMultilayer-coated Blazed Gratings (MBG) can offer high diffraction efficiency in a very high…

  PCGrate®-SX of v. 6.1 32-bit is discounted   Discounts are announced for powerful PCGrate®-SX v. 6.1 32-bit software:   The prices of all the types of software from the last PCGrate-SX v. 6.1 w/o limitations cut down by more than 26%, in the average. The price of updated from April 16, 2010 PCGrate-SX XML-type software is 1,999 Euros ($2,599), GUI-type – 2,999 Euros ($3,899),…

Presentation at the Days on Diffraction International Conference, May 27 – 31, 2013, St. Petersburg, Russia Solution of 3D scattering problems from 2D ones in short wavesL. I. Goray ABSTRACTThe paper reports on development of a boundary integral equation technique of characterization of scattering by rough three-dimensional (3D) surfaces at a short wavelength of λ. The effect of roughness on the mirror scattering intensity…

Paper is published in Journal of Applied Crystallography    Analysis of two-dimensional photonic band gaps of any rod shape and conductivity using a conical-integral-equation method  L. I. Goray and G. Schmidt   ABSTRACT  It is shown that taking into proper account certain terms in the nonlinear continuum equation of thin-film growth makes it applicable to the simulation of the surface of multilayer gratings…

Presentation at the 11th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging (XTOP-12), September 15-20, 2012, St. Petersburg, Russia X-ray scattering on rough and profiled surfaces: rigorous analysis and a non-linear model of film growthGoray L.I., Lubov M.N.  ABSTRACTUnderstanding of the evolution of surface profiles and roughness of gratings, random asperities, quantum wires and dots, nanowhiskers, etc., during growth is required for further…

Presentation at the 11th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging (XTOP-12), September 15-20, 2012, St. Petersburg, Russia Development of ultra-high efficiency multilayer-coated blazed diffraction gratings for EUV and soft x-rays applicationsVoronov D.L., Anderson E. H., Cambie R., Goray L.I., Gullikson E.M., Salmassi F., Warwick T., Yashchuk V.V., Padmore H.A ABSTRACTWe report on recent progress achieved at the Advanced Light Source (ALS)…

  PCGrate®-S update of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is discounted    Discounts are announced for updated PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit software:   The prices of all the types of software from the last PCGrate-S v. 6.5 cut down by more than 20%, in the average. The price of updated from July 25, 2012 PCGrate-S XML-type software is 2,499 Euros ($3,124), GUI-type – 3,499 Euros ($4,374), and…

 PCGrate®-S(X) update of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is available   PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit software is updated. A few minor bugs were fixed in updated PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit series. The software is available for update as from July 25, 2012. Important: input and output data formats (grt- and pcg- types) were not changed !    Click here to download updated PCGrate DEMO v.6.5 Complete.  

Presentation at the Days on Diffraction International Conference, May 28 – June 1, 2012, St. Petersburg, Russia Energy-absorption calculus for multi-boundary diffraction gratingsL. I. Goray ABSTRACTA general energy-balance criterion for multi-boundary lossy periodical objects (general gratings) has been derived and verified numerically. In the general case, the difference A = 1 R T e 0 is called the absorption coefficient in the given diffraction…

New Efficiency Certificate is issued online   Efficiency Certificate for a multilayer Mo4Ru6/Be blazed holographic grating in the soft x-ray-EUV range is presented. The complete results of the grating efficiency investigation and all relevant information about the computation and measurement processes can be obtained from the downloading page (Cert_2400_holo-blaz_MoRu-Be_soft-X-ray–EUV.zip file). Various files both *.xlsx (MS Excel® 2010) and *.grt, *.ggp,

Paper is published in Physical Review E Analysis of two-dimensional photonic band gaps of any rod shape and conductivity using a conical-integral-equation methodL. I. Goray and G. Schmidt ABSTRACTThe conical-boundary-integral-equation method has been proposed for calculation of the sensitive optical response of two-dimensional photonic band gaps (PBGs), including dielectric, absorbing, and high-conductive rods of various shapes working in any wavelength range. It is possible…

Discounts are announced for new PCGrate-S v.6.5 32/64-bit series software   The prices of all the types of software from the last PCGrate-S v.6.5 series are cut down by 20%. The price of updated from 14 November PCGrate-S XML-type software is 3,199 Euros ($4,159), GUI-type – 4,299 Euros ($5,589), and Complete-type – 6,499 Euros ($8,449). We allow additional discounts for earlier and permanent…

PCGrate®-S(X) update of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is available     PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit software is updated. A few minor bugs were fixed and some improvements were made in updated PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit series. The software is available for update as from November 14, 2011.   Important: input data format (grt-type) was changed!     Click here to download updated PCGrate…

PCGrate®-S(X) update of v. 6.5 32/64-bit is available     PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit updated software is available. PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit series software with minor bugs fixed and some improvements is available for update as from August 10, 2011.     Click here to download updated PCGrate DEMO v.6.5 Complete.  

Paper is published in Applied Optics Characterization of zone plate properties using monochromatic synchrotron radiation in the 2 to 20 nm wavelength range J. Seely, B. Kjornrattanawanich, L. Goray, Y. Feng, and J. Bremer  ABSTRACTA zone plate composed of Mo zones having 4mm outermost zone diameter, 100nm outermost zone width, and supported on a silicon nitride membrane was characterized using monochromatic synchrotron radiation in…

PCGrate®-S(X) release 6.5 32/64-bit is available     PCGrate®-S(X) v. 6.5 32/64-bit series software with some changes and improvements in comparison with version 6.4 is available for release as from June 6, 2011. A fast iterative method for solving linear systems of algebraic equations based on the Full Orthogonalization Method (FOM) is added to the Computation algorithm group of the Separating solver.…

Presentation at the Days on Diffraction International Conference, May 30 – June 3, 2011, St. Petersburg, Russia Integral equation based inverse diffraction problem solving for low-dimensional periodically-arranged nanocrystalsL. I. Goray ABSTRACTCarrier confinement in low-dimensional periodically-arranged nanocrystals (LDPAN) leads to the dependence of the operating wavelength in LDPAN-based optoelectronic devices on the average size, shape, and material properties of heterostructures. Scatterometry as a non diffraction-limited…

Presentation at SPIE Europe Optical Metrology, the Modeling Aspects of Optical Metrology Conference, June 23-26, 2011, Munich, GermanySpecular and diffuse scattering from random asperities of any profile using the rigorous method for x-rays and neutronsL. I. Goray ABSTRACTThe paper reports on development of an integral and nondestructive technique of characterization of low-dimensional periodically arranged nanocrystals (LDPAN) by spectroscopic scatterometry in the UV-IR ranges.…

Paper is published in Optics Express A 10,000 groove/mm multilayer coated grating for EUV spectroscopyD. L. Voronov, E.H. Anderson, R. Cambie, S. Cabrini, S. D. Dhuey, L. I. Goray, E. M. Gullikson, F. Salmassi, T. Warwick, V. V. Yashchuk, and H. A. Padmore ABSTRACTUltra-high spectral resolution in the EUV and soft x-ray energy ranges requires the use of very high line density gratings with…

Paper is published in Waves in Random and Complex Media Application of the boundary integral equation method to very small wavelength-to-period diffraction problemsL. I. Goray ABSTRACTDiffraction from 1D multilayer gratings having arbitrary border profiles including edges is considered for small wavelength-to-period (λ / d) ratios, the most difficult case for any rigorous numerical method. The boundary integral equation theory is so flexible that we…

PCGrate-S(X) update v.6.4 32/64-bit is available  PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.4 32/64-bit series software with some improvements and a few fixed minor bugs and misprints is available for an update as from September 24. The User’s Guide and the HTML Help were updated accordingly.  With PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.4 32/64-bit series software one can simulate effects of scattering in periodical and non-periodical structures having multilayer…

Discounts are announced for updated PCGrate-S(X) v.6.4 32/64-bit software   The prices of all the types of software from both PCGrate-S and PCGrate-SX v.6.4 series are cut down by 10%. The price of updated from 24 September PCGrate-S XML-type software is 4,049 Euros ($5,264), GUI-type – 5,399 Euros ($7,019), and Complete-type – 8,099 Euros ($10,529). The price of updated PCGrate-SX XML-type software is…

Paper is published in Journal of Applied Physics Application of the rigorous method to x-ray and neutron beam scattering on rough surfacesL. I. Goray  ABSTRACTThe paper presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of x-ray and neutron scattering from finite-conducting rough surfaces which is performed in the frame of the boundary integral equation method in a rigorous formulation for high ratios of characteristic dimension to wavelength.…

Presentations at the SPIE International Symposium on Optics & Photonics, Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics, Components, and Applications V, August 1-5, 2010, San Diego, CA, USHigh efficiency multilayer blazed gratings for EUV and soft X-rays: Recent developmentsD. L. Voronov, M. Ahn, E. H. Anderson, R. Cambie, C.-H. Chang, L. I. Goray, E. M. Gullikson, R. K.

PCGrate-S(X) update v.6.4 32/64-bit is available  PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.4 32/64-bit series software with some improvements and one fixed bug is available for an update as from July 13. Representations of randomized boundary profiles in Border Profile Editor were improved. A number of relevant control and information parameters were added both to Border Profile Editor and to Main Application. The default number of…

Presentation at the International Symposium Nanostructures: Physics and Technology, June 21-26, 2010, St. Petersburg, RussiaSensitive analysis of 2D photonic bandgaps using boundary integral equationsL. I. Goray  ABSTRACTA boundary-integral-equation-based method is proposed to calculate sensitive diffraction properties of various photonic crystal slabs (PCS). The numerical results presented demonstrate the significant impact of rod shapes and sizes on diffraction in metallic 2D PCS supporting the…

Presentation at the Days on Diffraction International Conference, June 8–11, 2010, St. Petersburg, Russia Analysis of 2D photonic crystal slabs of any rod shape and conductivity using a very fast conical integral equation methodL. I. Goray ABSTRACTThe boundary-integral-equation-based method has been used to calculate the sensitive optical response of 2D photonic crystal slabs (PCS), including dielectric, absorbing, and high-conductive rods of various boundary shapes.…

Paper is published in Journal of Technical Physics Letters Detecting Quasi-Periodic {11n} (n = 7-11) Faces in Samples with Ge/Si Quantum Dots by Grazing X-ray ReflectometryL. I. Goray, N. I. Chkhalo, and Yu. A. Vainer  ABSTRACTHighresolution grazing Xray reflectometry is used to obtain experimental and theoretical data on the intensity of specular and diffuse reflection from self-organized structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy with…

PCGrate-S(X) update v.6.1 32-bit is available  PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.1 32-bit series software with a few improvements is available for an update as from April 16. A special approach for calculations of blazed gratings with Polygonal type profiles, except the Lamellar subtype, is used in the Normal calculation mode for the Perfect or Finite Type of low border conductivity. In order to change…

PCGrate-S(X) update v.6.4 32/64-bit is available  PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.4 32/64-bit series software with a lot of improvements is available for an update as from April 7. Both Refractive Index Editor and Border Profile Editor were redesigned. Random generators for boundary profiles were improved. The ‘Diffraction angle’ type graph was added to the plot function parameters. A number of other control and information…

Paper is published in Journal of Optical Society of America A Solving conical diffraction grating problems with integral equationsL. I. Goray and G. Schmidt  ABSTRACTOff-plane scattering of time-harmonic plane waves by a plane diffraction grating with arbitrary conductivity and general surface profile is considered in a rigorous electromagnetic formulation. Integral equations for conical diffraction are obtained involving, besides the boundary integrals of the single…

Presentation at the Physics of X-Ray Multilayer Structures International Conference, February 14–18, 2010, Big Sky Resort, Montana, US High efficiency blazed multilayer gratings for EUV and soft x-raysD. L. Voronov, R. Cambie, M. Ahn, E. H. Anderson, C.-H. Chang, E. M. Gullikson, R. K. Heilmann, F. Salmassi, M. L. Schattenburg, V. V. Yashchuk, T. Warwick, L. I. Goray, S. S. Yang, and H.…

Discounts are announced for updated PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 software   The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 series are cut down significantly, on the average, by more than 33%. The price of updated PCGrate-S XML-type software is 999 Euros, GUI-type – 1,499 Euros, and Complete-type – 1,999 Euros. The price of updated PCGrate-SX XML-type software is 2,499 Euros, GUI-type –…

Presentation at the International Symposium Nanostructures: Physics and Technology, June 22-26, 2009, Minsk, BelarusGrazing-incidence X-ray reflectometry for structural characterization of samples containing Ge/Si quantum dotsL. I. Goray, N. I. Chkhalo, and Yu. A. Vainer  ABSTRACTHigh-resolution grazing-angle X-ray reflectometry measurements have yielded experimental and theoretical intensities of specular and diffuse reflection from MBE grown structures with single-layer unburied and multi-layer buried Ge/Si quantum dots…

New Efficiency Certificate is issued online   The complete results of the grating efficiency investigation and all relevant information about the computation process can be obtained from the downloading page (Cert_5870_holo-replica_Al-MgF2_VUV–NUV.zip file). Various files both *.xls (MS Excel®) and *.grt, *.ggp, *.ri, *.ari, & *.pcg (PCGrate®-S(X)™ v.6.1) formats relating to this grating efficiency certification are included in the package.

Presentation at SPIE Europe Optical Metrology 2009, the Modeling Aspects of Optical Metrology Conference, June 15-18, Munich, GermanySpecular and diffuse scattering from random asperities of any profile using the rigorous method for x-rays and neutronsL. I. Goray  ABSTRACTThe present work deals with a comprehensive numerical analysis of x-ray grazing-incidence scattering from single- and double-boundary, finite-conducting rough surfaces with asperities of different statistics, performed…

PCGrate-S(X) release 6.1 is available   New PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 Series with many additions and improvements in comparison with version 6.0 is available for release as from July 5. The principal change is in raising a possibility for calculating grating efficiency and other parameters from the command line using XML-format input/output files. Both series of PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.1 have three types, viz. PCGrate-S(X) v.…

Prices for new services and program types are announced   Two kinds of service are offered with prices as below:  – Efficiency optimization under any two parameters of a grating or light and final calculations under any third parameter – $/€999.  – Additional one-year of technical and scientific support on accurate efficiency modeling by the PCGrate-S(X) Series (with all free upgrades) – $/€1,999.…

Presentation at the Days on Diffraction International Conference, May 26–29, 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia An integral equation conical solver: some formulas and numerical experimentsL. I. Goray and G. Schmidt  ABSTRACTWe present some formulas derived from the developed boundary integral equation theory, which are important for calculations of the efficiency, absorption, and polarization angles of gratings in conical diffraction. Examples of efficiency computations of x-ray…

Paper is published in Journal of Technical Physics Determining Angles of Incidence and Heights of Quantum Dot Faces by Analyzing X-ray Diffuse and Specular ScatteringL. I. Goray, N. I. Chkhalo, and G. E. Tsyrlin  ABSTRACTScattering of X rays by structures with multilayer ensembles of quantum dots MBE-grown in the In(Ga)As-GaAs system is studied by high-resolution grazing X-ray reflectometry.

Presentation at the Days on Diffraction International Conference, June 3-6 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia A boundary integral equation method in short-wavelength-to-period diffraction on multilayer 1D gratings and rough mirrorsL. I. Goray  ABSTRACTDiffraction problems by 1D multilayer structures having arbitrary border profiles including edges are considered at smallest wavelength-to-period ratios. The integral equation theory is so flexible that one can point out a few areas…

Paper is published in Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Grazing Incidence Off-Plane Lamellar Grating as a Beam Splitter for a 1-Å Free Electron LaserL. I. Goray ABSTRACTA beam splitter based on the diffraction grating working in the grazing incidence conical diffraction is proposed for x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments with coherent beams in plasma and atomic physics. Such a beam…

PCGrate-S(X) release 6.4 32/64-bit is available  PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.4 32/64-bit series software with some changes and improvements in comparison with version 6.3 is available for release as from June 3. The PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.4 64-bit release allows to allocate a huge RAM and solve time- and memory-consuming problems with paralleling. The installer automatically detects if you have 64-bit operation sustem instralled and…

Discounts are announced for updated PCGrate-S(X) v.6.3 software   The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-S(X) v.6.3 series are cut down, on the average, by more than 21%. The price of updated PCGrate-S XML-type software is €3,499, GUI-type – €4,999, and Complete-type – €6,999. The price of updated PCGrate-SX XML-type software is €9,999, GUI-type – €13,999, and Complete-type – €19,999.…

PCGrate-S(X) release 6.3 is available  New PCGrate-S(X) v.6.3 series with many principal changes and improvements in comparison with versions 6.1 and 6.2 is available for release as from November 24. With PCGrate-S(X) v. 6.3 series software one can simulate rigorously effects of scattering in periodical and non-periodical structures having multilayer micro/nano-roughnesses of various nature, design variable-groove-depth (VGD) & variable-line-spaced (VLS) multi-section gratings,…

PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 & v.6.2 are updated for Vista SP1 & Server 2008   We issue an update of PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 and v.6.2 series software for Microsoft® Windows® Vista SP1 and Server 2008. They work also for Windows 2000, XP, and Server 2003. Some minor improvements are added to the installation packages of PCGrate-S(X) 6.1&6.2 and editions of the documentation (User’s Guide and HTML…

Discounts are announced for PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 software   The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 Series are cut down, on the average, by more than 28%. The price of updated PCGrate-S XML-type software is €1,499, GUI-type – €2,499, and Complete-type – €3,499. The price of updated PCGrate-SX XML-type software is €3,499, GUI-type – €4,999, and Complete-type – €7,499. We…

Discounts are announced for PCGrate-SX v.6.1 software   The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-SX v.6.1 Series are cut down, on the average, by more than 30%. The price of updated PCGrate-SX XML-type software is €4,999, GUI-type – €7,499, and Complete-type – €9,999. All programs have a GUI–>XML converter of input data. We allow an additional discount for upgrading to…

Presentations at the 15th International Symposyum Nanostructures: Physics and Technology (Zh. Alferov and L. Esaki, co-chairs, Proceedings 2007, pp. 118-119), June 26 (Novosibirsk, Russia) Determination of the structural properties of multiple quantum dot ensembles based on a rigorous X-ray specular and diffuse scattering analysis and comparison with measurementsL. I. Goray, G. E. Cirlin, E. Alves, Yu. B. Samsonenko, A. A. Tonkikh, N. K.…

Presentations at SPIE Europe Optical Metrology 2007, the Modeling Aspects of Optical Metrology Conference (H. Bosse, B. Bodermann, and R. M. Silver, eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. # 6617), June 19 (Munich, Germany) Rigorous solution for electromagnetic scattering from multilayer structures having asperities of any kind in X-ray-EUV rangesL. I. Goray ABSTRACTThe rigorous integral equation method (viz MIM) in which the border structure is…

Paper is published in SPIE Proceedings Extreme ultraviolet optical constants for the design and fabrication of multilayer gratingsJ. F. Seely, L. I. Goray, D. L. Windt, B. Kjornrattanawanich, Yu. A. Uspenskii, and A. V. Vinogradov ABSTRACTThe computational design of multilayer-coated diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength region and the experimental performance of the coated gratings depend on the optical constants of the…

PCGrate Demo v.6.1 is updated     With the updated version, Results tables can be saved for one scanning point and colors of the graph functions can be rearranged. Some restrictions and parameter limits are changed as well as some minor bugs are fixed. Software has the same input and output formats. Click here to download PCGrate Complete DEMO v.6.1 updated.  …

The paper is published in Journal of Optical Society of America A Multilayer resonant subwavelength gratings: effects of waveguide modes and real groove profilesL. I. Goray, I. G. Kuznetsov, S. Yu. Sadov, and D. A. Content  ABSTRACTThe boundary integral equation code PCGrate-S(X) is used to analyze diffraction on Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph gratings at different boundary shapes and layer thicknesses. An effect…

Presentation at the Diffractive Optics 2005 Conference, 6 September 2005, Warsaw, Poland A non-scalar phenomenon of separation of plus and minus equal orders in wavelength observed under off-normal incidence with soft-X-ray-EUV multilayer-coated gratingsL. I. Goray and J. F. Seely  ABSTRACTThe experimentally observed and theoretically accounted for separation in wavelength of the same external (n > 0) and internal (n < 0) orders is…

Presentations at the SPIE International Symposium on Optics & Photonics, the Conference Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy II (O. Citterio and S.L. O’Dell, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. #5900), August 3 (San Diego, CA US) Off-plane grazing-incidence Constellation-X grating calibrations using polarized synchrotron radiation and PCGRATE code calculationsJ. F. Seely, L. I. Goray, M. Laming, B. Kjornrattanawanich, K. A. Flanagan, R. K.…

New Efficiency Testing Laboratory is issued online     Together with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NRL Space Science Division, and Richardson Gratings of Newport Corp. we advertise the issue of new online Efficiency Testing Laboratory (ETL) which is the world’s first comprehensive demonstration of the results of grating efficiency tests obtained using modern technologies. The first updated Efficiency Certificates based on…

Discounts are announced for PCGrate-S software     The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-S v.6.1 Series are cut down, on the average, by more than 15%. We allow an additional discount of 10% for all users of the earlier PCGrate 2000* codes for upgrading to any programs from the PCGrate-S(X) Series.    

PCGrate Demo v.6.1 is updated     With the updated version, Results graphs can be copied from GUI to the Clipboard in Windows Metafile format as well as exported to Excel format. Optimizations of intrinsic program Cache and General Solver lead to speeding-up calculations by 30-40%. The upper profile horizontal offset has been realized. Software has new input and output formats.  …

Paper is published in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A Numerical analysis of the efficiency of multilayer-coated gratings using integral method L. I. Goray ABSTRACTAn analysis is made of a rigorous and an approximate approach to the solution of the diffraction problem for a multilayer-coated X-ray grating by the integral equation formalism. Whereas a rigorous analysis involving the integral method requires a…

Presentation at the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, the Optical Constants of Materials for UV to X-Ray Wavelengths Conference (R. Soufli and J. F. Seely, eds, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. #5538), August 4 (Denver, CO US) Extreme ultraviolet optical constants for the design and fabrication of multilayer gratingsJ. F. Seely, L. I. Goray, D. L. Windt, Yu. A. Uspenskii, A.…

Discounts are announced for PCGrate-S software   The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-S v.6.1 Series are cut down, on the average, by more than 17%. The price of new PCGrate-S XML-type software is only $/€2,499. All programs have a GUI → XML converter of input data. Some restrictions and parameter limits for PCGrate-S v.6.1 Series are changed.   

The paper is published in Applied Optics   Efficiency of a grazing incidence off-plane grating in the soft x-ray region  J. F. Seely, L. I. Goray, B. Kjornrattanawanich, J. M. Laming, G. E. Holland, K. A. Flanagan, R. K. Heilmann, C.-H. Chang, M. L. Schattenburg, and A. P. Rasmussen   ABSTRACT  Efficiency measurements of a grazing-incidence diffraction grating in the off-plane mount were performed…

Presentations at the SPIE International Symposium on Optics & Photonics, the Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics, Components, and Applications Conference (A. M. Khounsary and C. Morawe, eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. #6317 ), August 15 (San Diego, CA US) An efficient EUV spectral purity filter using blazed gratings with radial groove geometry designed for off-plane grazing incidenceL. I. Goray  ABSTRACTReflecting large-blaze-angle diffraction gratings operating in…

Discounts are announced for PCGrate-S software   The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-S v.6.1 Series are cut down, on the average, by more than 21%. The price of updated PCGrate-S XML-type software is only $/€1,999. All programs have a GUI → XML converter of input data. We allow an additional discount for upgrading to any programs from PCGrate-S(X) Series.…

Paper is published in Journal of Applied Physics Spectral separation of the efficiencies of the inside and outside orders of soft-x-ray-extreme-ultraviolet gratings at near normal incidenceL. I. Goray, J. F. Seely, and S. Yu. Sadov ABSTRACTIt is shown from both a phenomenological study and exact modeling that the reason for the experimentally observed substantial (a few angstroms or nanometers) separation in wavelength between the…

PCGrate-S(X) Series v.6.1 is updated finally    With the last version 6.1 update, a couple of samples from Calculation Procedure Examples are changed and an edition of the documentation (User’s Guide and HTML Help) is issued. Some improvements are made and some minor bugs are fixed. Separate PCGrate-S(X) v.6.1 Solver for accounting random micro-/nano-roughness and/or interdiffusion using Debye-Waller amplitude factors is offered…

PCGrate-SX release 6.2 is available  New PCGrate-SX v.6.2 series with a few principal changes and improvements in comparison with version 6.1 is available for release as from January 31. This special version enables the calculations both multilayer resonance and small wavelength-to-period ratio cases at very high speed using two independent solvers, i.e. Penetrating and Separating. The solvers have different behavior and mutually…

Discounts are announced for PCGrate-SX v.6.1 software The prices of all the types of software from PCGrate-SX v.6.1 Series are cut down, on the average, by more than 27%. The price of updated PCGrate-SX XML-type software is $/€7,499. The program has a GUI–>XML converter of input data. We allow an additional discount for upgrading to any programs from PCGrate-S Series. Click here…

Examples of photonic crystal modeling are added to v.6.2   PCGrate-S(X) v.6.2 series software enables high-speed calculation of both multilayer resonance and small wavelength-to-period ratio cases using one of the two independent solvers, i.e. “Penetrating” and “Separating”. The solvers operate differently and behave in a mutually complementary way when applied to difficult diffraction problems.   The “Separating” solver is primarily intended for…

PCGrate-S(X) Series v.6.2 is updated for Vista    The installation procedure has been fully redesigned to correspond to Microsoft® Windows® Vista security requirements. You have to delete all previous PCGrate* v. 6.2 installations before installing the last release (the second edition updated 09.21.2007 for Vista – it works also for Windows 2000, Millennium, XP, and Server 2003). You may do it by…

PCGrate-S(X) Series v.6.1 is updated for Vista    The installation procedure has been fully redesigned to correspond to Microsoft® Windows® Vista security requirements. You have to delete all previous PCGrate* v. 6.1 installations before installing the last release (the forth edition updated 08.28.2007 for Vista – it works also for Windows 2000, Millennium, XP, and Server 2003). You may do it by…

Year 2004   May 1  The 6.1 beta-version of PCGrate-S Complete Demo is available for downloading. Makes due allowance for any (including polygonal) profile types and has an additional Console solver for XML-format files and a GUIXML converter.   March 10  The report “Modified integral method for calculation of the multilayer X-ray grating efficiency” is presented at the PXRMS-04 conference.